COVID-19 and cytokine storm syndrome: are there lessons from macrophage activation syndrome?

Unravelling the Pathogenesis of Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia: Are There Possible Insights From High Altitude?

Cytokine active disulfide-HMGB1 increased during severe macrophage activation syndrome

Introduction Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a lifethreatening complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders. HMGB1 is a nuclear protein that extracellularly orchestrates key events in inflammation. Recent data revealed that different redox states of three cysteines within HMGB1 render it with mutually exclusive activities: reduced all-thiol-HMGB1 exerts chemotactic activity...

Macrophage activation syndrome.

There are no laid down criteria for the diagnosis of MAS. The diagnostic criteria laid down by Histiocyte Society to diagnose HLH are generally applied to the diagnosis of MAS.5 These consist of clinical features (fever, hepato-splenomegaly) along with laboratory features of cytopenia involving at least 2 cell lineages in the peripheral blood (Hb < 9 gm/dl, neutrophils < 1,000/mm3, and platelet...

The Pandemic Paradox: Concurrence of Covid-19 and Metabolic Syndrome

The health-care system should be ready to deal with a large number of COVID-19 patients who may require critical care. Patients with severe consequences should have well-rehearsed and structured protocols for quick identification, isolation, triage, and care plans. The higher incidence of metabolic syndrome combined with COVID-19 shows that concurrence of these two disorders, as well as the the...

Macrophage activation syndrome.

Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a serious complication of childhood systemic inflammatory disorders that is thought to be caused by excessive activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes and macrophages. Recent findings in hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, a disease that is clinically similar to MAS, highlight the possible pathogenetic role of a defective function of perforin, a prot...